This module explores ideas developed by the most influential systems of East Asia Buddhism, with specific attention to Japan. We will interrogate the ontological, epistemological and logical positions of the Tiantai/Tendai, Tantric and Chan/Zen schools, taking into account the discrete terminology through which each school articulates its signification of reality, as well as the concerns and interpretations they shared. We will also engage in a critical appraisal of the ways in which Japanese Buddhist thought has been studied, in East Asia and in the West. Questions to be addressed include the relation between philosophical speculation and practice, the perception of reality, the conceptualization of non-duality and immanence, the nature of sentient and non-sentient beings.